Module 5 · Biological Agents

5.7 Writing Up a Biological Finding

8 min read

A biological finding has more independent parts than most damp findings, and each one can be established to a different level of confidence. What was it, is it active, how far does it go, does it matter structurally, and what caused it — five questions, five answers, and a report that runs them together will over-specify in some directions and under-specify in others. This lesson is about keeping them apart on the page.

Learning objectives

By the end of this lesson you will be able to:

  • Separate identification, activity, extent, structural significance and cause.
  • State each to the confidence the evidence supports.
  • Write recommendations that follow from the findings rather than from the organism's name.
  • Handle the case where extent could not be established.

Key terms

Confidence qualifier
Language marking how firmly a finding is established — confirmed, consistent with, cannot be excluded. Must correspond to the actual evidence.
Established extent
The extent actually determined by probing, mapping and opening up, as distinct from an estimate or an assumption.
Consequential finding
A separate finding that arises from the same evidence — structural loss from a historic infestation, for instance.
Contingent recommendation
A recommendation that applies only if a stated further finding is made, keeping the decision with the client rather than pre-empting it.
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